FIRE GROUND HYDRAULICS

Fire ground hydraulics is the study of how water or foam solutions move through pumps  hoses and nozzles .
The  concept of pressure : Anyone who must prepare for and execute an effective foam attack on petro chemical fire must understant concept of pressure.
pressure is the execution force applied over area,there are three kinds of pressures
1.Elevation pressure (head pressure)
2.Static pressure ( pressure pressure)
3.Velocity pressure( nozzle pressure)


1.ELEVATION PRESSURE (head pressure):
         It is the force provided by the elevated supply of water.A coumn of water one foot a pressure of .433psi (.03bar) at he base of the column,pressure at the base of the coumn is called elevation pressure or head pressure

2. STATIC PRESSURE. pressure in hydraulic system is also crated by external force such as pumping air in to the hydraulic system

3,VELOCITY PRESSURE. Water flowing thorough a hydraulic system creates third kind of pressure is called velocity pressure

CONCEPT OF FLOW:
 Flow is the quantity of water f;owing through a hydraulic sytemin a given time
           Q= AV
when diamete increases velocity decreases and reverse also occurs here flow remains constant so , A1V1 = A2 V2

THE K FACTOR ;


discharge Q = K x P           k = factor of nozzle p= velcocity pressure


following factor affet the amount of pressure that is lost before water reaches the nozle ie. length of hose diameter of hose , turbulance , velocity of water through hose, frictional losses etc.
 eg. frictional loses in hose dia 2,5"
      FL = 117.2 LQ2/D5

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